Definition of compostingProcess of biological conversion of biodegradable organic waste material into a stable end product by microbial activity is called as composting. The favorable conditions such as suitable moisture, temperature are needed for growing of microorganism. The composting process may be aerobic or anaerobic. When the composting takes place in the absence of air, it is called aerobic composting.
Principle of composting
Composting (where elements conductive for the process of breaking down of organic matter like air, moisture, micro fauna etc. are introduced) has been identified as the most efficient way of covering municipal organic waste into manure, thereby recycling nature's resource - nutrients. Aerobic composting is the most widely accepted way of communicating organic wastes. This can be carried out in several stages.
Aerobic Composting
Aerobic composting is the process by which waste is converted into compost in the presence of air. It is a simple method where vegetable waste and dead leaves are converted into manure.
The aerobic bacteria help in disintegrating the vegetable matter into smaller particles. During aerobic composting the water content in the vegetable matter which is more than 75% gets removed. Aerobic composting reduces the waste into nearly one tenth of its original volume. It takes about 2 months to 1 years (depending on the volume of garbage) for the garbage to get completely converted into manure. The simple process of aerobic composting is given by following reaction:-
Organic matter+O2+Nutrient---->CO2 + H2O + Humus +Resistant Organic matter.
Materials for composting
Things that are biodegradable can be composted because their molecular structure allows them to decompose rapidly. Non biodegradable items such as metals, plastics and glass take much longer to decompose and because of this, they are not used for composting. Other substances such as food scraps, paper, pruning, wood, and sawdust are readily composted. The decomposition of some other organic substances is toxic to the environment and thus limits what can be composed.
Principle of composting
Composting (where elements conductive for the process of breaking down of organic matter like air, moisture, micro fauna etc. are introduced) has been identified as the most efficient way of covering municipal organic waste into manure, thereby recycling nature's resource - nutrients. Aerobic composting is the most widely accepted way of communicating organic wastes. This can be carried out in several stages.
Aerobic CompostingAerobic composting is the process by which waste is converted into compost in the presence of air. It is a simple method where vegetable waste and dead leaves are converted into manure.
The aerobic bacteria help in disintegrating the vegetable matter into smaller particles. During aerobic composting the water content in the vegetable matter which is more than 75% gets removed. Aerobic composting reduces the waste into nearly one tenth of its original volume. It takes about 2 months to 1 years (depending on the volume of garbage) for the garbage to get completely converted into manure. The simple process of aerobic composting is given by following reaction:-
Organic matter+O2+Nutrient---->CO2 + H2O + Humus +Resistant Organic matter.
Materials for compostingThings that are biodegradable can be composted because their molecular structure allows them to decompose rapidly. Non biodegradable items such as metals, plastics and glass take much longer to decompose and because of this, they are not used for composting. Other substances such as food scraps, paper, pruning, wood, and sawdust are readily composted. The decomposition of some other organic substances is toxic to the environment and thus limits what can be composed.
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