Soil Pollution

Soil is one of the basic and important resource provided by nature to us(human being). It is the base of every kind of development and origination. As every one knows that the first creature has originated from the soil. Not only from the history but also from the study about the fossils have provided us with the fact that soils important role through out any kind of development, whether it may development of unicellular animals to multicultural animals or it may be the development of human civilization from caveman age to the modern human civilization. We know it preety well that we human being need food to live and the major portion of the food materials that we consume or obtain are from soil(that grow in the soil). As the human civilization have developed the trend of farming of crops have started instead of hunting. Thus we can say how important role did the soil played in the existence of human civilization.

Soil pollution mean depletion of soil with different kinds of pollutants mixed with the soil. Soil pollution is of the great concern as it is directly related to the sustenance of thousands of life forms and particularly health of the human and their agriculture activities.
The pH values at different sites showed the great variation of soil and its quality. The pH value in the dumping is about 7.98 showing the soil of the area is moderately basic in nature. The pH values at other sites are below 7 showing that the soils in these localities are neutral to moderately acidic. The value of pH in the soil can be the good indicator of soil pollution with heavy metals. Lower the pH value, more the metals are able to dissolve in the soil. Thus, the pH value of the soil must be maintained above 6.5 to ensure that the soil is not polluted with metal ions. When the pH value is between 4 and 5, the metals like iron, manganese etc. are easily soluble in the soil; thereby plants become more toxic as they absorb these ion.
The temperatures of the soils of the different study area are affecting the development the different kinds of vegetation. The temperature difference affects the activities of microbial activities differently. As we know some plant grows at cold temperature where as some grows in high temperature. In the same manner the activities of the microbes also differs as the difference in the temperature difference in the soil temperature as the microbes of soil requires moderate temperature for smooth functioning(Microbes of soil cannot work effectively in very high "54 degree C" and cannot work at low temperature"5 degree C").As the soil pollution increase the soil temperature also increases.
The nitrogen availability in the soil is also governed by the soil temperature. Conductivity is highest in dumping site (570µs/cm) and lowest in agricultural land(181µs/cm). Condictivity of barren land is 201µs/cm and that of the forest land is 169µs/cm. Thus conductivity is quite high in dumping site whicch is due to the dominance of ions in the site.

Soil moisture is an essential element for the physical, biological and chemical activities in the soil as well as the agent for photosynthesis and availability of nutrients. The soil moisture in the study area content to lie between 19.6% and 26.78%. The moisture content in the soil indicates the composition of the soil; although it may be affected by many other factors. Moisture is high agricultural land(19.6%).